Ottoman expedition to Aceh

The Ottoman expedition to Aceh was started from around 1565 when the Ottoman Empire endeavoured to support the Aceh Sultanate in its fight against the Portuguese in Malacca.[1][2] The expedition followed an embassy sent by the Acehnese Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahhar (1539–71) to Suleiman the Magnificent in 1564, and possibly as early as 1562,[3] requesting Ottoman support against the Portuguese.[4]
An informal Aceh–Ottoman alliance had existed since at least the 1530s.[3] Sultan Alauddin wished to develop these relations, both to attempt the expulsion of the Portuguese in Malacca, and to extend his own power in Sumatra.[3] According to the accounts written by the Portuguese Admiral Fernão Mendes Pinto, the Ottoman Empire fleet that first arrived in Aceh consisted of 300 Ottomans, Swahilis and Afars from Djibouti, Sindhis from Debal and Thatta, Gujaratis from Surat, and some 200 Malabar sailors of Janjira to aid the Batak region and the Malay Archipelago in 1539.[3]
Following the 1562 embassy, Aceh seems to have already received Ottoman reinforcements that built its capacity and allowed it to conquer the Sultanates of Aru and Johor in 1564.[3]
The 1564 embassy to Istanbul was sent by Sultan Hussain Ali Riayat Syah.[3] In his missive to the Ottoman Porte, the Sultan of Aceh referred to the Ottoman ruler as Khalifah (Caliph) of Islam.[3]
After the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, his son Selim II ordered that a fleet be sent to Aceh.[3] A number of soldiers, gunsmiths and engineers were sent in an Ottoman fleet, together with ample supplies of weapons and ammunition.[1] A first fleet was sent consisting in 15 galleys equipped with artillery, but had to be diverted to fight an uprising in Yemen.[3][5] Finally only two ships arrived in 1566–67, but numerous other fleets and shipments would follow.[1] The first expedition was led by Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis. The Acehnese paid for the shipments in pearls, diamonds and rubies.[6] In 1568, the Acehnese attacked Malacca, although the Ottomans do not seem to have participated directly.[3]

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In the nineteenth century two Irish immigrants, Dennis J. Oliver and his brother-in-law D. C. McGlynn, purchased a 1,700-acre (6.9 km2) tract of land on the former Rancho de las Pulgas.[2] In the 1850s they erected a gate with a wooden arch bearing the inscription "Menlo Park" at the entrance to their property (now the intersection of Middle Ave and El Camino Real).[3][4] The word "Menlo" derived from the owners' former home of Menlough in County Galway, Ireland.[2] In 1863, the San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road named a nearby station "Menlo Park" after the sign.[2] The 1867 station building still stands on the platform of the current Caltrain station, used by the local Chamber of Commerce. The town of Menlo Park grew up around this station, becoming a popular home for San Francisco businessmen.[2] A post office arrived in 1870, and the city was incorporated in 1874.[3] The original arch which gave its name to the stations and ultimately the city survived until 1922, when it was destroyed in an automobile accident.[2] The origin of the name of Menlo Park, California (ca 1850)[

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he Ottoman expedition to Aceh was started from around 1565 when the Ottoman Empire endeavoured to support the Aceh Sultanate in its fight against the Portuguese in Malacca.